Introduction: Falls in the elderly population are one of the main geriatric syndromes and a clear indicator of the fragility of the elderly population. Falls are a leading cause of death and injury in the elderly, resulting in disability and immobility requiring ongoing medical care and high treatment costs. Difficulties in performing daily life activities increase with age due to decline in physical and cognitive functioning.
Research objectives: To assess the ability to perform daily life activities and analyze the risks of falling in elderly people.
Methods: 100 people over the age of 65 participated in the research. The research instruments were a questionnaire for the assessment of daily life activities – Barthel Scale/Index (BI) and a questionnaire on screening assessments for the evaluation of falls.
Results: The Barthel index shows that the majority of respondents perform daily life activities without problems. Intrinsic factors prove that the median score was 12 with an interquartile range of 7 to 15, representing the risk of falls in people of the third age. Extrinsic risk factors for falls in people of the third age indicate a median of 4 with an interquartile range of 2 to 5, representing the risk for falls in older people. The most influential risk factors for falling in our survey are difficulty walking upstairs, incorrect or insufficient use of orthopedic aids, feeling of instability when standing up for the first time, complaining of weakness or reduced sensation in one or the other leg, feeling of low self-confidence, instability when walking, and fear of falling.
Conclusion: Analyzing the risk factors for a fall, we obtained the result that there is an evident risk for a fall. Based on the estimated risk of falling, the most influential risk factors that affect the performance of daily life activities of elderly people were singled out.
Keywords: age, aging, fall, risk factors, prevention
